| BTC Deep profile | No freeze key | Bitcoin has no issuer and no freeze function. A coin moves only with a signature from the private key that holds it, so whoever holds that key controls it: the client, an exchange, a custodian or an ETF’s trust. |
| ETH Deep profile | No freeze key | ETH has no issuer, and no party can freeze or seize it on chain. |
| WETH Deep profile | No freeze key | WETH is wrapped ETH. Its contract is immutable and has no admin key and no blocklist. |
| STETH Deep profile | No freeze key | stETH is ETH staked through Lido. It has no blocklist, but withdrawals depend on Lido governance and on how validators behave. |
| WSTETH Deep profile | No freeze key | wstETH is wrapped stETH, with the same controls as stETH. |
| WBTC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | WBTC tracks Bitcoin, but it is a custodial claim: BitGo holds the underlying BTC and can be compelled to act on it. Unlike BTC, it depends on an issuer. |
| CBBTC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | cbBTC is a Bitcoin wrapper that Coinbase issues. Coinbase holds the underlying BTC and can freeze the token. |
| RSETH Deep profile | No freeze key | rsETH is ETH restaked through Kelp, and no issuer can freeze it. On 2026-04-18 an attacker used its LayerZero bridge to mint about 116,500 unbacked tokens. The bridge failed, and the staking did not. Ketju does not approve the protocol. |
| SOL Deep profile | No freeze key | SOL is Solana’s native asset. It has no issuer and no freeze, but Solana’s history of network halts differs materially from Ethereum’s. |
| RETH Deep profile | No freeze key | rETH is ETH staked through Rocket Pool. More than 3,000 independent operators run its validators, and anyone can join, which makes it the most decentralized liquid staking option. The token earns rewards by rising in value: the balance stays the same while its ETH value grows. |
| WEETH Deep profile | No freeze key | weETH is ETH restaked through ether.fi, and no issuer can freeze it. The stake is pledged again to EigenLayer services (AVSs) that can slash it, which adds a new risk. Ketju does not approve the protocol; see its memo. |
| WBETH Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | WBETH is staked ETH that Binance issues. Binance holds the underlying stake and controls the token; only the token itself is on chain. |
| LSETH | No freeze key | lsETH is ETH staked through Liquid Collective. The token has no blocklist, but withdrawals and validator operations depend on its set of approved operators. |
| METH | No freeze key | mETH is ETH staked through Mantle on Ethereum. The token has no blocklist, and Mantle governance controls the staking protocol. |
| STEAKUSDC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | steakUSDC is a share in a Morpho USDC vault that Steakhouse curates. Circle can freeze the underlying USDC, and the curator chooses the markets. See the Morpho memo. |
| SYRUPUSDC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | syrupUSDC wraps Maple’s undercollateralized loans. The yield pays lenders for the risk that borrowers default; Maple lenders lost about 80% in the 2022 Orthogonal default. Ketju does not approve Maple, including through this wrapper. |
| SYRUPUSDT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | syrupUSDT carries the same Maple loan exposure as syrupUSDC. Ketju does not approve it. |
| LUSD Deep profile | No freeze key | LUSD is Liquity’s stablecoin. Its contracts are immutable, with no governance, no admin key and no blocklist, which makes it the most censorship-resistant stablecoin in existence. Its supply has fallen from a peak of about $1.5B to roughly $30M, so a client position of normal size could not be sold or redeemed. |
| MSOL Deep profile | No freeze key | mSOL is SOL staked through Marinade. An algorithm spreads its stake across more than 400 validators, the strongest guard against concentration among Solana staking strategies. |
| JITOSOL Deep profile | No freeze key | JitoSOL is SOL staked through Jito. It pays the highest yield, from MEV capture, and has the deepest liquidity. It delegates mostly to validators running the Jito client, which already runs on more than 95% of Solana stake. |
| INF Deep profile | No freeze key | INF is Sanctum Infinity, a basket of Solana liquid staking tokens. A holder bears the risk of the weakest token in the basket instead of choosing the strongest. |
| GHO Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | GHO is backed by on-chain collateral. Aave governance can change its parameters, but it cannot freeze an address. |
| SGHO Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | sGHO is staked GHO. It has the same backing as GHO and earns the Aave savings rate. |
| CRVUSD Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | crvUSD is Curve’s own stablecoin, overcollateralized by on-chain assets. Governance manages it, and it has no blocklist. |
| DAI Deep profile | Mixed control | DAI began as a crypto-backed stablecoin. Real-world assets and USDC held with custodians now back much of it, so it is materially easier to censor than it once was. |
| SDAI Deep profile | Mixed control | sDAI is savings DAI. It carries DAI’s backing, including the real-world assets. |
| USDS Deep profile | Mixed control | Sky, formerly Maker, issues USDS as the successor to DAI. Its reserves include real-world assets held by custodians that authorities can compel to act. |
| SUSDS Deep profile | Mixed control | sUSDS is savings USDS, with the same reserves as USDS. |
| SFRXUSD | Issuer can freeze | sfrxUSD is savings frxUSD. It has frxUSD’s reserves and governance, with a yield-bearing vault on top. |
| USDC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Circle issues USDC and backs it with bank deposits and T-bills. Circle can freeze addresses, and does so when law enforcement asks. |
| USDT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Tether issues USDT and has frozen addresses on request. Its reserves are attested less transparently than USDC’s. |
| USDT0 Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | USDT0 is USDT that moves across chains, and Tether keeps the same issuer control over it. |
| PYUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | PayPal issues PYUSD and Paxos administers it. The issuer can freeze it. |
| USDG Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Paxos issues the Global Dollar, USDG, and can freeze it. |
| RLUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ripple issues RLUSD and can freeze it. |
| EURC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Circle issues EURC, a euro stablecoin, and can freeze it as it can freeze USDC. |
| FRXUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Frax issues frxUSD. Reserves back it, and some parts of the system are centralized. |
| BUIDL Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | BUIDL is the BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund, which holds short-term Treasuries. Holders redeem through BlackRock and Securitize. Only approved holders may own it, and the issuer can freeze it. |
| USYC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Circle issues USYC, a tokenized Treasury fund. Circle has the same control over it as over USDC, and the fund adds its own redemption terms. |
| OUSG Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | OUSG is Ondo’s Short-Term US Government Treasuries token. Only approved holders may transfer it, and holders redeem through Ondo. |
| USTB Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | USTB is a short-term Treasury fund from Superstate and Invesco. A registered transfer agent controls the list of holders. |
| USCC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | USCC is a Bitwise cash-and-carry fund in token form. It runs a basis trade held at centralized venues. |
| STCUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | stcUSD is a tokenized dollar yield product from Cap, and the issuer redeems it. |
| VBILL Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | VBILL is VanEck’s tokenized T-bill fund. Only approved holders may own it. |
| JAAA Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | JAAA is tokenized exposure to Janus Henderson’s AAA CLO fund. It carries credit risk and issuer control, and despite its rating it is not a cash equivalent. |
| JTRSY Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | JTRSY is tokenized Treasury exposure from Centrifuge. |
| MGLOBAL Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | mGLOBAL is a tokenized global credit fund. Only approved holders may own it, and the issuer redeems it. |
| STAC | Issuer can freeze | STAC is a tokenized AAA CLO fund from Securitize. It holds structured credit for approved holders only and is not a Treasury fund. |
| TBILL | Issuer can freeze | OpenEden TBILL is a BVI professional fund that holds Treasury bills. A KYC manager must approve every wallet, operators can burn and reissue tokens, and the owner can upgrade the contract. |
| MTBILL | Issuer can freeze | Midas mTBILL is a secured note under Liechtenstein law that tracks short U.S. Treasury bills. It is not offered to U.S. persons. A blacklist role can freeze a holder, operators can pause and burn, and the contract is upgradeable. |
| USTBL | Issuer can freeze | Spiko US T-Bills Money Market Fund is an AMF-authorized UCITS sub-fund. It is not offered to U.S. persons. Operators can pause and burn, and a super-admin multisig can upgrade the contract. |
| EUTBL | Issuer can freeze | Spiko EU T-Bills Money Market Fund is an AMF-authorized UCITS sub-fund that holds euro-area bills. It uses the same contract and controls as USTBL. |
| WTGXX | Issuer can freeze | WisdomTree Government Money Market Digital Fund is a registered mutual fund. The transfer agent keeps the Official Record, and role holders can freeze, claw back and pause the token. |
| XAUT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Tether Gold is a claim on vaulted bullion. Tether holds the metal and controls the token. |
| PAXG Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Paxos Gold is a claim on allocated London bullion that Paxos holds. Paxos can freeze the token. |
| USDE Deep profile | Mixed control | USDe is Ethena’s synthetic dollar, backed by short perpetual-futures positions held at centralized exchanges. Those exchanges, rather than an issuer, can freeze or seize the backing. |
| SUSDE Deep profile | Mixed control | sUSDe is staked USDe, with the same exposure to the exchanges. |
| USD1 Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | BitGo issues USD1 for World Liberty Financial, holds the reserve, and can freeze, seize, destroy, or upgrade tokens under the USD1 Terms. |
| USDY Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ondo administers this yield-bearing note, including its upgradeable token, allowlist, blocklist, sanctions checks, reserve custody, and redemption process. |
| USDD Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | USDD 2.0 is overcollateralized on-chain and has no conventional holder blocklist, but TRON-linked governance selects collateral, parameters, and supported deployments. |
| U Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | United Stables Limited controls eligible reserves, direct minting and redemption, and may satisfy redemptions in cash or stablecoins at its discretion; secondary holders have no direct redemption right. |
| USDGO Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Anchorage Digital Bank issues and redeems USDGO while OSL distributes it; holders depend on the bank-managed reserve and the issuer's compliance controls. |
| USDf Deep profile | Mixed control | Falcon manages USDf collateral and runs active yield strategies with it. Falcon applies a seven-day redemption cooldown and can screen or refuse redemptions. |
| YLDS Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Figure Certificate Company issues YLDS as an SEC-registered, yield-bearing security; the legal issuer, prospectus, transfer controls, and $1 redemption framework govern the claim. |
| USD0 Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Usual DAO controls an upgradeable and pausable token with blacklist checks. Tokenized government debt backs it, and the issuers and custodians of that debt are further controllers. |
| USX Deep profile | Mixed control | Solstice USX is a managed synthetic dollar whose reserves and basis strategies sit under protocol and custody control; redemption and direct access are subject to Solstice operations and terms. |
| TUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Techteryx controls TUSD issuance, redemption, contract replacement, fork selection, and freezes; only verified customers have access to the primary redemption channel. |
| pUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Polymarket pUSD is an administrator-pausable Polygon wrapper around bridged USDC, so it inherits both Polymarket on/off-ramp control and Circle and bridge control over the backing asset. |
| rwaUSDi Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Multipli controls collateral eligibility, haircuts, mint limits, liquidity classes, and redemption routing for a token backed by structurally illiquid private-market assets. |
| USDtb Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ethena controls an upgradeable USDtb token whose administrator can change transfer state, blacklist addresses, and forcibly redistribute balances; BUIDL and USDC supply the backing. |
| FDUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | FD121 (BVI) Limited issues FDUSD and First Digital Trust custodies segregated reserves; direct minting and redemption require approved professional counterparties and exclude U.S. persons. |
| GUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Gate controls this exchange-issued, yield-bearing asset and its 1:1 conversion into USDT, USDC or USD1. Its backing and redemption depend on Gate accounts, selected RWAs and exchange operations. |
| SOFID Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | SoFi Bank, N.A. issues and redeems SOFID and controls its high-quality liquid reserve. SoFi states that the token is not a bank deposit and is not FDIC-insured. |
| apxUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Apyx and its custody partners manage off-chain preferred-share collateral; only whitelisted participants can mint or redeem, while other holders depend on secondary liquidity. |
| M Deep profile | Mixed control | M0 separates an immutable on-chain token from off-chain collateral, approved minters, validators, and governance-set collateral rules; no single conventional issuer owns the whole stack. |
| AUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Agora controls AUSD minting, burning, upgrades, and asset freezing; its reserve fund holds cash, short-term Treasuries, and overnight repo instruments. |
| BUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | This profile covers Binance-Peg BUSD, a BNB Chain wrapper that Binance administers. Its value and redemption depend on Binance custody and its published backing address, in addition to the retired Paxos token. |
| HUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | HUSD is a legacy token that Stable Universal issued. It has no dependable channel for issuing or redeeming today, and the remaining on-chain supply is only a claim on the issuer. |
| reUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Re Protocol controls a yield-accruing token backed through custody wallets, trust accounts and reinsurance-capital structures. KYC and actuarial liquidity limits govern direct redemption. |
| USAT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Anchorage Digital Bank issues and redeems USAT for bank clients, administers a segregated reserve trust, and may delay, restrict, or refuse transactions for law, risk, or operations. |
| USDai Deep profile | Mixed control | USD.AI uses on-chain redemption logic and liquid stablecoin buffers, but the broader system depends on M0 backing, protocol governance, and infrastructure-credit assets with periodic liquidity. |
| FLEXUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | flexUSD is a legacy CoinFLEX liability. CoinFLEX halted withdrawals during its 2022 insolvency, and a holder cannot redeem a remaining balance at par. |
| FRAX Deep profile | Mixed control | Legacy FRAX is a governance-managed stablecoin with mixed on-chain and centralized collateral; it is a separate balance sheet from the current reserve-backed frxUSD product. |
| satUSD Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | River satUSD is redeemable against the least-collateralized borrower positions when system collateral exceeds its threshold; governance, oracles, bridges, and collateral quality remain material. |
| MUST Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | Mustang MUST is a Liquity V2-style, crypto-collateralized debt token without a conventional issuer blocklist, but a disclosed 2-of-3 governance Safe controls protocol parameters. |
| USDA Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | Avalon USDa is minted as overcollateralized debt against approved crypto collateral; governance, custody routes, price oracles, and cross-chain deployments still control the system around it. |
| avUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Avant avUSD is a protocol-issued receipt backed 1:1 by freezable USDC; redemption can take up to seven days and bridged versions add Chainlink CCIP control. |
| CASH Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Bridge issues CASH with Phantom branding, manages the dollar reserve and redemption framework, and retains the compliance and contract powers of a centrally administered payment stablecoin. |
| MOVEUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | CFX Labs issues MoveUSD for approved commercial and institutional users; dollar deposits sit in a bank beneficiary account and primary redemption runs through CFX. |
| USDF Deep profile | Mixed control | Astherus USDF combines USDT with centrally managed delta-neutral positions and delayed redemption, inheriting Tether freeze risk plus venue, custody, and operator control. |
| USDV Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Valtorum permission-controls who may hold, transfer, mint, or redeem USDV and manages its reserve, even though its published token design omits a unilateral freeze or clawback function. |
| DOLA Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | DOLA is debt-backed through FiRM collateral and a USDS peg module; its immutable token has no blocklist, while DAO governance and operational multisigs control minting Feds and risk parameters. |
| UUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Anything Labs controls an upgradeable UUSD contract with minter, account-freeze, and global-pause roles; direct minting and redemption are limited to institutional OTC access. |