RIADeFi
The Digital Asset Control AtlasChart 21 · reviewed 2026-08-19

Ink: who orders transactions?

A single permissioned operator sequences Kraken's OP Stack chain.

Hybrid control

Chain control is one layer. It does not determine the safety or suitability of every asset and protocol deployed on the chain.

Control profile

Ketju verdictrejected
Stagestage-1
Reviewed2026-08-19
Transaction ordering
A single permissioned operator sequences Kraken's OP Stack chain.
Escape hatch
Ethereum forced inclusion is available after a delay of up to 12 hours, and permissionless fault proofs constrain invalid state transitions.
Upgrade authority
Regular and emergency upgrades require the Security Council and Optimism Foundation together, but have no on-chain delay and provide no user exit window.
Liveness record
The normal path depends on one sequencer. L2BEAT recorded a twelve-hour state-update anomaly in July 2026; that measurement does not by itself establish a full transaction halt, but it belongs in ongoing operational monitoring.

Ketju assessment

REJECTED on upgrade control, not proof-system quality. Ink inherits the useful OP Stack protections of Ethereum data availability, forced transactions, and permissionless fault proofs. It also inherits the decisive weakness: the authorized co-signers can install regular or emergency changes immediately. Stage 1 describes meaningful decentralization progress, but it does not override an explicit portfolio rule. An escape mechanism is not sufficient when privileged actors can change its governing contracts without first giving the holder time to use it.

Observable review triggers

  • Revisit when regular upgrades carry an enforceable on-chain delay of at least 7 days
  • Fault proofs are disabled, made permissioned, or lose Stage 1 status
  • The forced-inclusion window is extended beyond 12 hours
  • A confirmed sequencer or state-proposal interruption lasts more than 12 hours

These triggers make the judgment monitorable. They are not predictions; each identifies a fact that would revoke or force review of the current assessment.

Advisor implementation questions

  1. Does the client’s thesis require censorship resistance, or primarily low-cost settlement?
  2. Can the client exit without cooperation from the normal transaction-ordering party?
  3. Who can upgrade bridges or contracts, and what delay applies?
  4. Does the asset introduce an issuer weaker than the chain grade?
  5. What evidence will show a halt, censorship event, or governance change?

Research sources

Sources were accessed 2026-08-19. Primary documents and measured control conditions can change; the review triggers above govern off-cycle reassessment.

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