RIA·DeFi
Control Atlas · Chain · reviewed 2026-08-01

Stellar: who orders transactions?

Federated Byzantine Agreement — quorum slices, not stake-weighted

under reviewn/aCrypto-backed

Chain control is one layer. It does not determine the safety or suitability of every asset and protocol deployed on the chain.

Control profile

Transaction ordering
Federated Byzantine Agreement — quorum slices, not stake-weighted
Escape hatch
n/a — L1
Upgrade authority
Protocol upgrades via validator consensus.
Liveness record
Long-running network. Not researched to our standard.

Ketju assessment

Not yet researched. Blocks blend-pools-v2. Stellar uses Federated Byzantine Agreement rather than stake-weighted consensus, so the Nakamoto-coefficient frame we use elsewhere does not transfer and a different analysis is required. Also note Stellar assets commonly carry issuer-level freeze and clawback flags at the protocol level, which is directly material to the sovereignty question.

Observable review triggers

  • n/a — pending review

These triggers make the judgment monitorable. They are not predictions; each identifies a fact that would revoke or force review of the current assessment.

Advisor implementation questions

  1. Does the client’s thesis require censorship resistance, or primarily low-cost settlement?
  2. Can the client exit without cooperation from the normal transaction-ordering party?
  3. Who can upgrade bridges or contracts, and what delay applies?
  4. Does the asset introduce an issuer weaker than the chain grade?
  5. What evidence will show a halt, censorship event, or governance change?

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