RIA·DeFi
Control Atlas · Chain · reviewed 2026-07-31

Base: who orders transactions?

Centralised — operated by Coinbase, a single regulated US entity

approved with limitsstage-1Hybrid control

Chain control is one layer. It does not determine the safety or suitability of every asset and protocol deployed on the chain.

Control profile

Transaction ordering
Centralised — operated by Coinbase, a single regulated US entity
Escape hatch
OP-stack forced inclusion via L1. Mechanically available; economically unattractive for small positions.
Upgrade authority
Improved governance with longer timelocks and a larger security council, but admin keys can still upgrade bridge contracts within ~7 days.
Liveness record
Sequencer outages have occurred. Funds safe, access interrupted.

Ketju assessment

Stage 1 with live fraud proofs and the best consumer UX of any L2 — cheap, fast, and the natural default for an embedded-wallet onboarding flow. That is exactly why it needs saying clearly: the sequencer is Coinbase. One identifiable, regulated, compellable US company orders every transaction. For a client whose thesis is "no single party can stop me," routing them to Base because it is cheap quietly reintroduces the counterparty they were trying to leave — and it is the same failure as putting a sovereignty client into USDC. Fine for yield-first and tokenised-income. Not for sovereignty-first.

Observable review triggers

  • Coinbase publicly censors or filters transactions at the sequencer
  • Fraud proof system disabled or made permissioned
  • Upgrade timelock shortened below 7 days
  • Sequencer outage exceeding 6 hours

These triggers make the judgment monitorable. They are not predictions; each identifies a fact that would revoke or force review of the current assessment.

Advisor implementation questions

  1. Does the client’s thesis require censorship resistance, or primarily low-cost settlement?
  2. Can the client exit without cooperation from the normal transaction-ordering party?
  3. Who can upgrade bridges or contracts, and what delay applies?
  4. Does the asset introduce an issuer weaker than the chain grade?
  5. What evidence will show a halt, censorship event, or governance change?

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